Who Is in the Florida House of Representatives
The United States Congress is the legislative co-operative of the federal regime and consists of two houses: the lower house known as the Business firm of Representatives and the upper business firm known as the Senate. The words "Congress" and "House" are sometimes used colloquially to refer to the Business firm of Representatives. At that place are 535 members of Congress: 100 senators and 435 representatives in the House.
Republicans currently control the Senate (54 to 44 Democrats) and the House (246 to 188).
Comparison chart
 | Firm of Representatives | Senate |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction | The Usa House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the U.s.a. Congress. Information technology is frequently referred to as the House. | The The states Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States Congress. |
| Type | Lower house. Responds to the needs of the people faster since representatives simply have a ii year term. Laws dealing with revenue must start in the House. | Upper house. The half-dozen year term means the Senate tin be slower and consider the long-term effects of laws. |
| Seats | 435 voting members, 6 not-voting members: five delegates, 1 resident commissioner | 100 |
| Seats apportioned | Based on the population of each country | Two for each state |
| Length of term | 2 years. All 435 seats are up for reelection every two years. | half-dozen years. Here in that location is a continuous trunk idea. Only ane/3 of the senate seats are elected every two years. Then only 34 or 33 senators are up for ballot at one time. |
| Term limits | None | None |
| Leadership | Nancy Pelosi (D) (Speaker); elected past the House of Representatives. | The President of the Senate [currently Kamala Harris (D) only votes in case of a tie. When he or she is non available, the President pro tempore, a senator elected past the Senate [currently Patrick Leahy (D)] takes over on his behalf. |
| Majority Leader | Steny Hoyer (D) | Chuck Schumer (D) |
| Minority Leader | Kevin McCarthy (R) | Mitch McConnell (R) |
| Majority Whip | James Clyburn (D) | John Thune (R) |
| Minority Whip | Steve Scalise (R) | Dick Durbin (D) |
| Political groups | Democratic (219), Republican (211), five vacant seats | Republican (48), Autonomous (48), Independent (2) |
| Voting organisation | First-past-the-mail | Offset-past-the-postal service |
| History | Based on Virginia Plan | Based on New Jersey Plan |
Size of Senate vs. Firm
While there are 100 seats in the Senate (2 senators from each state), there are 435 seats in the Firm of Representatives (one representative from each of the diverse congressional districts, with the number of congressional districts in each country determined by the population).
The Reapportionment Act of 1929 set the last number of the Business firm at the current 435, with commune sizes adjusted according to population growth. However, as commune borders were never defined definitively, they can and often do stretch into peculiar shapes due to a practice known as gerrymandering.
Gerrymandering is used at the state legislature level to create districts that overwhelmingly favor one party. Federal and Supreme Court rulings take overturned gerrymandering efforts that have been perceived to be based on race, but otherwise some districts have been reconfigured to requite one or another party an extreme political reward, thus allowing that party to secure more power in the state and in the House of Representatives.
A line graph showing which political parties have controlled the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate over the years. Click to overstate.
Roles of Representatives and Senators
The House plays a major role in government, mainly that of initiating all revenue-based legislation. Any proposal to raise taxes must come up from the House, with Senate review and approval. The Senate, on the other mitt, has sole power of approval on foreign treaties and cabinet and judicial nominations, including appointments to the Supreme Court.
In cases of impeachment (e.g., Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Neb Clinton in 1998), the House determines if charges tin can be brought confronting the official, and a unproblematic majority vote approves or rejects the filing of charges (the impeachment process). If approved, the Senate then serves as the investigative/judicial body to determine if the charges merit removing the accused official from his or her function. However, the vote in the Senate has to represent "a meaning bulk," usually taken to hateful 67 of the 100 votes.
Members of Congress are deemed to be "beyond the power of abort" while in office, except in cases of treason, murder, or fraud. This stipulation has been used past representatives and senators to avoid subpoenas and other judicial procedures. A senator can waive the privilege at whatsoever time, merely a member of the Business firm has to submit his or her petition to a general vote. If a unproblematic majority approves, the privilege tin be waived.
Congress has the power to subpoena whatever denizen. Noncompliance with a congressional subpoena tin carry up to a one-year jail sentence. The case is heard in a judicial forum, and punishment (a sentence) for those found guilty of "contempt of Congress" is handled strictly by the judicial system.
The succession gild in the federal government is president, vice president so Speaker of the House, the leader of the representatives. The vice president is considered the "president" of the Senate, though he or she is not required or even expected to attend most Senate sessions. The Senate elects a "President Pro Tempore," often the senior, or longest-serving, senator of the majority political party, who is responsible for managing day-to-twenty-four hours business.
Length of Terms
Senators are elected for a half dozen-year term, but House representatives only accept two-year terms before they demand to seek reelection. Every fellow member of the Firm is up for election or reelection every two years, just the Senate has a staggered organisation wherein only i-tertiary of the Senators are up for election or reelection every ii years. It is possible for the Firm to change to a large extent (in terms of party command) every two years, just changes are slower in the Senate. In both chambers, incumbents have a keen advantage over challengers, winning more than than ninety% of all contested races.
Qualifications
To be eligible as a representative, a person needs to exist at least 25 years old at the time of the ballot and have lived continuously in the U.S. for at to the lowest degree 7 years. To become a senator, one must be at least thirty years quondam at the time of the election and take lived continuously in the U.S. for at least 9 years. Information technology is not a requirement to be a natural-born citizen in order to get a member of Congress.
Committees
Most of Congress' work takes place in committees. Both the Business firm and Senate have continuing, special, conference, and articulation committees.
Standing committees are permanent and provide longer-serving members with power bases. In the Firm, primal committees include Upkeep, Means and Ways, and Armed Services, while the Senate has Appropriations, Foreign Relations, and Judiciary committees. (Some committees be in both chambers, such as Budget, Armed Services, and Veterans Diplomacy.) Special committees are temporary, formed to investigate, clarify, and/or evaluate specific issues. Conference committees are formed when legislation is approved in both the House and Senate; they finalize the language in legislation. Joint committees feature members of the Firm and Senate, with leadership of each commission alternating between members of each chamber.
Committees too have subcommittees, which are formed to focus more than closely on certain issues. Some have become permanent, but most are formed for limited time frames. Although useful for zeroing in on key bug, the proliferation of committees, and peculiarly subcommittees, has decentralized the legislative process and significantly slowed it, making Congress less responsive to changing trends and needs.
Debating legislation has stricter rules in the House than in the Senate, applicable at both the commission and whole-trunk levels. In the Firm, debate fourth dimension is restricted and topics are set beforehand, with discussions limited to the agenda. In the Senate, the tactic chosen filibustering is immune. One time the floor is ceded to a senator, he or she tin can speak for as long equally the senator chooses, on whatever topic; no other business organization can exist transacted while the person speaks. A filibuster is used to cake potential legislation or Senate decisions until a favorable vote can exist called. This has resulted in sometimes comically absurd efforts on the part of senators. For case, during a 2013 filibuster over the Affordable Care Act, Senator Ted Cruz (R-TX) read from Green Eggs and Ham.
Origins of House and Senate
In general, the House represents the population, while the Senate represents a "landed/large belongings" populace. In colonial times, the proposed "legislative body" had two models. The Virginia Plan, endorsed past Thomas Jefferson, created a group of representatives based on population sizes, so that more than populous states would have a greater vox in legislative issues. Opposing information technology was the New Jersey Programme that limited each state to the aforementioned number of representatives; the programme suggested that there be something betwixt two to five representatives per state. The New Bailiwick of jersey Plan was criticized for belongings larger states "hostage" to smaller states, every bit each would have the aforementioned power base. This commodity in The New Yorker dissects it well:
James Madison and Alexander Hamilton absolutely hated the idea that each country should be entitled to the aforementioned number of senators regardless of size. Hamilton was withering on the topic. "As states are a collection of individual men," he harangued his fellow-delegates at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, "which ought nosotros to respect well-nigh, the rights of the people composing them, or of the bogus beings resulting from the limerick? Cypher could be more preposterous or cool than to sacrifice the one-time to the latter."
Per the Connecticut Compromise at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787, the United States adopted the bicameral arrangement of the English Parliament (i.e., House of Lords and Firm of Commons). The compromise was between the Virginia programme (small state) and the New Jersey proposal (large country), two competing ideas on whether each land should get equal representation in the federal regime or whether representation should be based on population. The compromise established that representatives in the lower firm (House of Representatives) will exist based on a population number (called a "district") while the upper business firm (Senate) would contain two representative from each state. It was also decided that all classes would be eligible to get senators, subject to age and residency restrictions.
References
- Congress.gov
- The Organization of Congress - Cliff Notes
- Wikipedia: United States House of Representatives
- Wikipedia: U.s. Senate
- Wikipedia: Construction of the United States Congress
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